Especially for carmakers the protection of their intellectual property is a major concern, because once a manufacturer protects its automotive parts legally via the German design law, it is almost impossible for competitors to enter in the spare parts market. Such non-existing competition is -of course- a blessing for the automotive giants, though the normal customer has to pay way more than he must have. He overpays up to 40% for his (original) Auto Parts!
The automakers have a virtual monopoly on body parts in Germany . By protecting their auto parts as a “community design”, visible parts of the car can be protected against imitation. The distribution of these cheaper replicas from independent spare part manufacturers is prohibited. A consumer and SME-friendly solution is the so-called “repair clause*”. The legislators could have introduce on May 21, 2014. However, the European Commission has officially withdrawn its plans to recast EU Design Directive (98/71 / EC) so that the auto parts monopoly maintained.
* The repair clause should indemnify visible spare parts from design protection. Not visible – and safety-critical – parts there can not be any (design-) protection . The safety of non-visible parts (also replicas) are guaranteed by the type approval procedure.
Basics: Design protection in Germany
After functional differences between commodities have become more rare and the product life cycles have become shorter, the shape and color is often the only visible distinguishing feature of a product. With a registered design the owner has a time-limited (maximum of 25 years) monopoly on the two or three dimensional aspect of the form and color design of a part or an entire product.
A registered design is at the time of his application “new“. This means that it has been published no identical or differing only in minor features design before the filing, issued or otherwise brought to the market. Another criterion is the character : A registered design is different (significantly) from existing designs.
EU comparison: Germany lags behind
In recent years, many EU Member States have implemented this design directive into national law. while the leeway that the legislature has given to them due to the unresolved issue of design protection for visible spare parts, used in different ways. The result is a patchwork of the regimes in the different Member States. In European comparison the automobile lobbies in Germany and France have made their “homework”: As one of the few countries they do not have any repair clause in the legislation.
That the repair clause can override the monopoly role model countries such as Great Britain, the Benelux countries and Spain. There, the retail prices for spare parts are on average almost 10% cheaper than in the “monopoly-States”.
Difference: Visible and invisible parts
In auto parts, but especially for design protection, there is a distinction made between “visible” and “invisible” parts. As the name implies visible parts are the ones that are directly visible, for example fenders, headlights or the hood .
Among the non-visible parts are about brake pads or “parts below the hood” that can not be seen at first glance.
“Must fit” vs. “Must match”
Anyone who wants to protect his auto components with a registered design, must first make a fundamental distinction between “Must-fit” parts “must-match” parts:
- “Must-fit” is a classification of parts whose shape for purely technical reasons is given in all the elements to be inserted into a complex product. Such parts are excluded from the design right in principle and without exception.
- “Must-match” is a classification of parts whose shapes are necessary to restore a complex product in its original appearance. Such parts can be supplied to the design right.Although it is not necessary that the “must-fit” parts meet the technical-functional party, but as a spare part for the preparation of a uniform appearance they are demand-driven without an alternative for their determination, such as bumpers, grilles, hoods or car doors.
As a spare part manufacturer are you affected by restrictions on the German design right?
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sorry but I am so confused by the last paragraph on “must match”
The English does not make much sense… too bad because I really want to understand this.
Dear Mrs Lifchits,
“Must fit” vs. “Must match” – Both terms stand for a classification of elements in a complex product.
– “must-fit” refers to those parts whose shape is predetermined for purely technical reasons in order to be inserted into a complex product. Since only the technical function constitutes a “must-fit” element, it is excluded from design law in principle and without exception.
– “must-match” on the other hand stands for a classification of parts whose shapes are necessary to restore a complex product to its original appearance. Such an element may precisely not be required exclusively for its function, but is without alternative because of its provision as a spare part for the creation of a uniform appearance. Such elements can be protected by design protection, e.g. bumpers, radiator grilles, bonnets or car doors.
Best regards from our team of Meyer-Dulheuer MD Legal Patentanwälte PartG mbB